Nipple soreness can be one of the toughest challenges in the early days of breastfeeding, especially during the first week when both you and your baby are still learning together. Some mild soreness can be normal in the beginning, but ongoing breast pain or sharp, persistent discomfort is usually a sign that something needs adjusting. The good news? Most issues are fixable with the right support and a little time. Let’s walk through the most common causes of sore nipples, how to heal them, and when to reach out for help. You deserve to feel comfortable, supported, and confident.

What are Common Causes of Sore Nipples?

Understanding the possible causes of nipple pain can help you get relief more quickly.

Latch & Positioning

A shallow latch is the most frequent cause of nipple pain. If your baby latches onto just the nipple instead of taking a wide, deep mouthful of breast, it can lead to friction, nipple trauma, and ongoing discomfort. This may also happen if proper positioning isn’t quite right yet—totally normal in the beginning. A good latch should feel like steady tugging—not biting or pinching.

Tongue, Mouth & Oral Conditions

Sometimes nipple soreness is linked to what’s happening inside the baby’s mouth.

  • Oral restrictions, such as a tongue-tie or lip-tie, can affect a baby’s tongue movement and affect their latch.

  • Oral thrush can cause white patches in the mouth and create burning, stinging nipple pain. Thrush is a yeast infection, also called a fungal infection, and needs treatment for both you and baby.

Milk Blisters & Blocked Ducts

A milk blister (or white spots on the nipple) forms when skin grows over a milk duct opening. These can be tender and sometimes indicate swelling deeper in the milk ducts.

Pumping Issues

An ill-fitting flange, too high of a vacuum setting, or pumping too long can irritate the nipple and contribute to nipple trauma.

Skin Conditions & Sensitivities

Eczema, psoriasis, or other skin conditions can affect nipple comfort. Some moms may experience an allergic reaction to creams or breast pads, especially scented or non-breathable ones.

Infections

Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection can make nipples sore, particularly if the skin is cracked or damaged.

Vasospasm

Nipple vasospasm causes sharp, burning, or whitening of the nipple after feeds—often triggered by cold, compression, or underlying latch issues.

Healing Strategies for Sore Nipples

These gentle, evidence-based steps support healing while maintaining your milk supply.

Optimize Latch & Positioning

  • Prioritize a deep, comfortable latch every time.

  • Use a clean finger to break the seal if you need to remove your baby, preventing extra tugging and nipple damage.

  • Experiment with various breastfeeding positions until you find the ones that feel best; little adjustments can make a big difference.

Support Nipple Healing

  • Express a few drops of your own breast milk and let it air-dry—it’s soothing and naturally protective.

  • Consider simple, single-ingredient nipple creams like coconut or olive oil to minimize sensitivity.

  • Gel pads can be incredibly soothing for sore, damaged nipples. Many moms like to leave them in the refrigerator, when they are not wearing them, to add cooling support.

  • Breast shells can be worn in-between feedings to protect the affected area from friction while you heal.

  • Use of a nipple shield while breastfeeding can make feedings more comfortable and give your nipples time to heal while you focus on improving your baby’s latch. This is usually a short-term tool and works best with lactation support to ensure it’s used safely and weaned off when you’re ready.

  • For a milk blister, warm compresses and gentle massage around—not directly on—the spot can help soften the skin before feeding.

Pumping Comfort

  • Check flange sizing with your lactation consultant.

  • Use only the maximum comfortable vacuum suction when pumping.

  • If the damage is severe and you need to take a temporary “breast break,” be sure to pump regularly—about 8 times per day—to maintain your milk supply while your nipples heal.

Keep Nipples Clean & Covered

  • Wash your hands frequently to prevent introducing germs when applying creams or ointments.

  • To prevent infection, use a mild, fragrance-free soap on your nipples when you shower.

  • If the skin is broken, protect it with a cream or ointment—this helps it heal faster and with less discomfort.

  • Change breast pads often to avoid trapped moisture.

  • Choose breathable pads and avoid fragrances or harsh detergents, which can sometimes irritate already sensitive nipples.

 

When to Seek Lactation Support

You never have to push through worsening pain or uncertainty alone. Reach out to a lactation consultant if:

  • You notice a nipple wound, crack, or scab that isn’t improving or seems to be getting worse.

  • You see signs of oral thrush in your baby's mouth—white patches on their cheeks, gums, or lips.

  • Pain continues beyond the early days or becomes sharp, burning, or harder to tolerate.

  • You’re unsure whether your baby’s latch, tongue, or something unknown is contributing to discomfort.

  • You need guidance using tools like a nipple shield or adjusting your pumping routine to protect your milk supply.

When Should You Reach Out to Your Healthcare Provider?

If you notice a sore, hot area on the breast; new or increasing breast pain; a firm or tender lump; or you develop flu-like symptoms—fever, chills, or body aches—this may be a sign that inflammation or infection is progressing toward mastitis. Reaching out early can help you feel better faster and protect your breastfeeding journey.

You’re Doing an Amazing Job

Nipple soreness is common, but it’s not something you have to simply tolerate. With small adjustments, some gentle care, and the right support, most breastfeeding mothers can find real relief. You and your baby are learning together and you’re building confidence with each feeding. Over time, these small steps help your nipples heal, your baby feeds more comfortably, and your breastfeeding experience becomes easier and more enjoyable.

Disclaimer: Our classes and accompanying materials are intended for general education purposes and should not replace medical advice. For personalized recommendations, please consult your healthcare provider and/or lactation consultant.