How do you go from a few precious drops of colostrum on your baby’s birthday to a full breast milk supply in the first few weeks? Think of it like launching a rocket—the most effort happens at the very beginning. In the same way, those early days of frequent and effective milk removal help “lift off” your milk production and set you up for long-term success.

During Pregnancy

Your milk-making journey actually begins long before birth. Around the 16th week of pregnancy, hormonal changes—especially increases in estrogen and progesterone—start preparing your breasts for feeding.

  • Milk ducts grow in number and size

  • Breasts become fuller and heavier

  • Nipples and areolas darken

  • Montgomery glands (the small bumps on your areola) release natural oils that protect your skin and give off a scent to help your newborn find the nipple after birth

During this time, your body begins making colostrum—your baby’s first milk. This concentrated, nutrient-rich liquid may be golden, yellow, or even clear. Colostrum is ready and waiting at birth. The more frequently it’s given in those first hours and days, the faster your baby stabilizes and thrives. It boosts their immune system, supports digestion, and lays the groundwork for mature milk—the full supply that develops in the weeks ahead.

These amazing changes are your body’s quiet way of getting ready to nourish your baby.

After Birth

At birth, your newborn’s stomach can only hold about a teaspoon per feeding. Over the next few days, their belly grows quickly—and your amount of milk adjusts right along with it. Frequent breast stimulation during this window—through feeding, skin-to-skin, or hand expression—has a big impact on how soon your supply increases.

Between days 3–5 postpartum, your breasts begin making larger amounts of milk. Your breasts may feel fuller, warmer, or heavier, and your milk may appear lighter in color. These are all signs that your body is producing more for your growing baby.

Milk Making Basics

In the first few days and weeks after birth, your production builds through frequent milk removal. Try to:

  • Feed your baby on demand—typically 8–12 times per day

  • Offer both breasts at each feeding

  • Watch for early hunger cues (like rooting or hand-to-mouth motions) and try to feed before late hunger cues like crying

  • Keep your baby close and practice lots of skin-to-skin time

By one week old, babies usually take in about 1.5–2 ounces per feeding. By one month, most babies average about 25 ounces per day. Remember, your baby’s feeding pattern will change as they grow—especially during cluster feeding (when they feed more often, usually in the evening or during growth spurts). This is normal and helps your body adjust the amount your baby needs.

Understanding Supply and Demand

Your supply works like a beautiful feedback system: the more milk your baby removes, the more your body makes. Each time your baby feeds, it signals your body to produce more. When milk sits in the breast too long, your body receives the message to make less.

That’s why frequent feedings—at least 8–12 times per day during the first six weeks—is key to creating a healthy supply. If you’re separated from your baby or if latching is painful, using hand expression or an electric breast pump can help maintain your supply until direct breastfeeding is comfortable again.

Latch, Cues, and Confidence

A good latch helps your baby feed effectively and keeps your nipples comfortable. You’ll notice a deep jaw movement and hear or see your baby swallow during active feeding. Keeping track of diapers and regular weight checks with your baby's health care provider can reassure you that your baby is getting enough milk.

If latching feels painful or your baby seems frustrated, reach out for support—sometimes a few simple adjustments make all the difference. As you and your baby learn together, be patient with yourself. Every feeding, every cuddle, and every attempt helps build confidence and connection.

The Hormones Behind Establishing Milk Supply

Oxytocin and Letdown

When your baby begins to breastfeed, the sucking stimulates a release of oxytocin, which triggers the milk ejection reflex—often called the “letdown.” You might feel tingling, warmth, or fullness, or you may not feel anything at all. Both are normal. You’ll usually know a letdown has happened when your baby shifts from quick sucks to slow, rhythmic drinking with audible swallows.

Prolactin and Nighttime Feedings

The main hormone that drives breast milk production is prolactin—and it peaks at night. This means nighttime feedings play a big role in establishing and maintaining your supply. Prolactin also has a calming effect, which can help you rest more easily between feeds. Your body truly works in harmony with your baby’s needs.

What About Long Stretches Between Feedings?

Once your supply is established, regular milk removal keeps things running smoothly. Going long stretches without feeding or pumping can signal your body to make less. In the early weeks, aim to:

  • Feed or pump every 2–3 hours during the day

  • Feed or pump every 3–4 hours overnight

If your baby is struggling to breastfeed at first, you’re not alone—and it often gets easier with time and practice. Most babies improve their latch and feeding skills as they grow. In the meantime, you’re doing an incredible job supporting your baby’s needs, whether that's through breastfeeding, pumping, or a combination of both.

 

The First Weeks: Intense but Worth It

The early weeks of frequent feeding can feel like a marathon—but every session matters. That hard work helps your baby grow and teaches your body how much milk to make. By around 6 weeks, your milk production becomes stable, and breastfeeding often feels easier and more natural. You’re doing amazing work—not just feeding your baby, but nurturing connection, comfort, and confidence. Be gentle with yourself, trust your body, and know that every drop counts.

Disclaimer: Our classes and accompanying materials are intended for general education purposes and should not replace medical advice. For personalized recommendations, please consult your healthcare provider and/or lactation consultant.