Understanding Postpartum Depression and PMADs

In the United States, about 1 in 5 women experience postpartum depression or other perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) during pregnancy or the first year after giving birth. These are common mental health conditions, not personal failings. While some women experience only short-term baby blues, others face longer-lasting challenges that can interfere with daily life and caring for their new baby.

It’s important to recognize that symptoms can vary. Common symptoms of postpartum depression and PMADs include:

  • Mood swings, persistent feelings of sadness, or loss of interest in things you usually enjoy

  • Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much

  • Loss of energy, fatigue, or feeling overwhelmed by daily tasks

  • Changes in appetite or physical changes like headaches and body aches

  • Difficulty bonding with your baby

  • Thoughts of guilt, hopelessness, or fear of being a “bad mother”

If these symptoms last more than two to three weeks or become intense, it’s time to reach out for professional help. Untreated postpartum depression can worsen over time, but recovery is absolutely possible with the right care and support.

 

Why Does Postpartum Depression Happen?

There’s no single cause that contributes to everyone’s experience. However, there are risk factors can increase the risk of postpartum depression and PMADs, including:

  • History of depression or family history of depression

  • Sudden hormonal changes and fluctuating hormone levels after birth

  • Stressful life events, relationship issues, or a lack of support

  • Complications during pregnancy or delivery

  • Sleep deprivation and exhaustion

Understanding your personal risk helps you and your health care provider plan early interventions, such as depression screening during prenatal care or after delivery.

Screening and Diagnosis

Your health care provider may use tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to evaluate symptoms and recommend next steps. Early screening supports maternal mental health and prevents untreated symptoms from affecting long-term women’s health or bonding with your new baby. Don’t hesitate to be honest with your doctor about how you’re feeling. Your emotional well-being is just as important as physical recovery.

Managing Breastfeeding While Healing

Breastfeeding can feel rewarding but also challenging when you’re coping with perinatal depression or anxiety. Research shows that exclusive breastfeeding may help reduce risk of postpartum depression, supporting both your mental health and your baby's well-being. Here are some practical ways to care for yourself while striving to meet your breastfeeding goals:

Build Your Support System

  • Lean on your partner, friends, or family for social support.

  • Connect with health care providers, lactation consultants, or peer groups specializing in maternal mental health.

  • Sharing your experience reduces isolation and can make your breastfeeding journey more enjoyable.

Talk to Your Health Care Provider

  • Discuss your symptoms openly. Ask about safe treatments for women’s health, including antidepressant medications that are compatible with breastfeeding.

  • Many antidepressant medications have minimal side effects for infants and can improve your mood, energy, and protect your breastfeeding relationship.

  • If you’re prescribed medication, keep regular check-ins to monitor side effects and effectiveness.

Set Realistic Goals

Every feeding journey looks different. Whether you’re exclusively breastfeeding, pumping, or doing both, focus on what works best for you, your family, and your mental health.

Prioritize Self-Care

Healing involves nurturing yourself, too:

  • Rest as much as you can and accept help with daily tasks.

  • Eat nourishing foods, hydrate well, and move your body gently when you’re ready.

  • Reducing stress supports healthy hormone levels, breast milk production, and emotional balance.

Continue Monitoring Mental Health

If your feelings of sadness, anxiety, or loss of interest persist or worsen, reach out for professional help. Remember—seeking care is a sign of strength, not weakness.

When to Seek Urgent Help

If you ever have thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, or experience symptoms such as hallucinations, confusion, or extreme agitation, seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services. You are not alone—help is available 24/7.

Helpful Resources

  • Postpartum Support International (PSI): Offers a helpline, support groups, and local referrals for mental health care.

  • Canopie: Provides evidence-based therapy and education tailored to maternal mental health. You can access it for free with the Aeroflow code AEROREF.

These organizations focus on reducing stigma, building confidence, and ensuring every mother receives compassionate care during recovery.

Hope for Healing

Coping with postpartum depression while caring for a new baby takes courage, but recovery is possible, and you don’t have to face this alone. Leaning on your support network, reaching out for professional help, and practicing self-compassion all make a meaningful difference.

Healing may not happen all at once—some days may feel harder than others, but each step you take toward getting help is a powerful act of love for yourself and your baby.

Disclaimer: Our classes and accompanying materials are intended for general education purposes and should not replace medical advice. For personalized recommendations, please consult your healthcare provider and/or lactation consultant.